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Articles

PRP and Spine

1.

Cita on: Cameron JA, Thielen KM (2017) Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma for Neck and Lower Back Pain Secondary to Spinal Disc Herniation: Midterm Results. Spine Res. Vol. 3 No. 2:10

Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma for Neck and Lower Back Pain Secondary to Spinal Disc Herniation: Midterm Results 

Abstract 

Background: Spinal disc herniation (HNP) can be a painful condition caused by a variety of traumatic events and degenerative conditions. It is one of the most common spine conditions in adults, occurring in both cervical and lumbar regions. Although these injuries are often associated with wear and tear (or degeneration), traumatic events such as automobile accidents or lifting injuries have been described as causes.

Methodology: We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized, single-center clinical study to evaluate the safety and midterm effectiveness of autologous platelet rich plasma injections (PRP) to treat neck and Low Back Pain (LBP) caused by spinal disc herniation (HNP). All patients had failed conservative treatment for 3 months to 6 months. The autologous PRP was performed using a table top centrifuge device and a standardized individual PRP preparation protocol method. Patients were followed annually for up to 8 years post-operatively. Pain status was documented using a visual analog scale self-reported measure, as well as the Oswestry disability score.

Results: Eighty-eight consecutive patients with spinal disc herniation (HNP) were enrolled; thirty-eight were treated for cervical disc herniation, thirty-eight for lumbar disc herniation, and twelve were treated for both cervical and lumber disc herniation. The duration of follow-up ranged from 4 months to 8 years (mean of 5 years). 87% of patients reported a successful outcome. Within the cervical group, the preoperative visual analog scale showed 81% improvement (P ? 0.01). For the lumbar patients, the preoperative visual analog scale improved by 77% (P ? 0.01). No complications were reported.

Conclusion: The results are durable with successful outcomes observed 8 years after procedure.

Keywords: Platelet rich plasma; Spinal injuries; Hernia on; Lumbar; Cervical; Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)

Received: June 23, 2017; Accepted: July 04, 2017; Published: July 10, 2017

 

Vol.3No.2:10

Julian A Cameron* and Katelyn M Thielen

Comprehensive Spine Center, PLLC 7710 NW 71 Court Suite 205 Tamarac, USA

*Corresponding author: Julian A Cameron ? info@cspinecenter.com

Cameron, Comprehensive Spine Center, PLLC 7710 NW 71 Court Suite 205 Tamarac, USA.

Tel: (954) 747-1221

Cita on: Cameron JA, Thielen KM (2017) Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma for Neck and Lower Back Pain Secondary to Spinal Disc Hernia on: Midterm Results. Spine Res. Vol. 3 No. 2:10

PRP and KNEE

1.

Electron Physician. 2016 Mar 25;8(3):2115-22. doi: 10.19082/2115. eCollection 2016.

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Hyaluronic Acid for treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Knee osteoarthritis is a very common chronic degenerative disease that could impose significant costs to the health system. Although osteoarthritis can affect all joints, knee osteoarthritis is the most common type among adolescents. Non-surgical treatments include corticosteroids injection, hyaluronic acid, and platelet-rich plasma. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

METHODS:

Pubmed, Cochran library, Scopus and Ovid databases were investigated to identify related studies from 2000 through August 2015. To study the efficiency, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) outcome using the Standard Mean Difference (SMD) index was calculated using a random model and a confidence interval of 95%. In addition, sensitivity and cumulative analysis were conducted. The data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.5 and Stata 12 software.

RESULTS:

Seven studies with 722 subjects (364 participants in PRP and 358 participants in the HA group) were analyzed. The WOMAC PRPcompared to HA, SMD = -0.75 (95% CI: -1.33 to -0.18, I2 = 92.6%) in treatment of knee osteoarthritis was statistically significant and PRP was more effective.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this meta-analysis two years after PRP injection showed the efficacy of PRP versus HA. However, further studies are required to determine the longer-term effects.

KEYWORDS:

efficacy; hyaluronic acid; meta-analysis; platelet-rich plasma

 

2.

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016 Apr 16. [Epub ahead of print]

Does platelet-rich plasma decrease time to return to sports in acute muscle tear? A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study is to report the effects of autologous PRP injections on time to return to play and recurrence rate after acute grade 2 muscle injuries in recreational and competitive athletes.

METHODS:

Seventy-five patients diagnosed with acute muscle injuries were randomly allocated to autologous PRP therapy combined with a rehabilitation programme or a rehabilitation programme only. The primary outcome of this study was time to return to play. In addition, changes in pain severity and recurrence rates were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Patients in the PRP group achieved full recovery significantly earlier than controls (P = 0.001). The mean time to return to play was 21.1 ± 3.1 days and 25 ± 2.8 days for the PRP and control groups, respectively (P = 0.001). Significantly lower pain severity scores were observed in the PRP group throughout the study. The difference in the recurrence rate after 2-year-follow-up was not statistically significant between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

A single PRP injection combined with a rehabilitation programme significantly shortened time to return to sports compared to a rehabilitation programme only. Recurrence rate was not significantly different between groups.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

KEYWORDS:

Acute muscle injuries; Platelet-rich plasma; Return to sports

 

3

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]

Choice of intra-articular injection in treatment of knee osteoarthritis: platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid or ozone options.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

This study was performed to compare the efficacy of treatment in three groups of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) given an intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA) or ozone gas.

METHODS:

A total of 102 patients with mild-moderate and moderate knee OA who presented at the polyclinic with at least a 1-year history of kneepain and VAS score ?4 were randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 (PRP group) received intra-articular injection of PRP × 2 doses, Group 2 (HA group) received a single dose of HA, and Group 3 (Ozone group) received ozone × four doses. Weight-bearing anteroposterior-lateral and Merchant’s radiographs of both knees were evaluated. WOMAC and VAS scores were applied to all patients on first presentation and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS:

At the end of the 1st month after injection, significant improvements were seen in all groups. In the 3rd month, the improvements in WOMAC and VAS scores were similar in Groups 1 and 2, while those in Group 3 were lower (p < 0.001). At the 6th month, while the clinical efficacies of PRP and HA were similar and continued, the clinical effect of ozone had disappeared (p < 0.001). At the end of the 12th month, PRPwas determined to be both statistically and clinically superior to HA (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

In the treatment of mild-moderate knee OA, PRP was more successful than HA and ozone injections, as the application alone was sufficient to provide at least 12 months of pain-free daily living activities.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic study, Level I.

KEYWORDS:

Hyaluronic acid; Intra-articular injection options; Knee osteoarthritis; Ozone; Platelet-rich plasma

 

J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Dec;27(12):3863-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.3863. Epub 2015 Dec 28.

Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of moderate knee osteoarthritis: a randomized prospective study.

Abstract

[Purpose] To assess the effects of different numbers of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications on pain and physical function in grade 3 kneeosteoarthritis (OA). [Subjects and Methods] A total of 102 patients with grade 3 knee OA were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single injection of PRP, Group 2 received two injections of PRP two weeks apart, Group 3 received three injections of PRP at 2-weeks intervals. All patients were evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Timed-Up and Go test (TUG) before the treatment and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. [Results] Ninety-eight patients (15 males, 83 females) completed the study. The mean ages of the patients were 53.5±6.6, 54.9±5.3, and 55.1±5.6?years in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. Statistically significant improvements were noted in all of the evaluated measures in all of the groups. The mean differences of Group 1-Group 2 and Group 1-Group 3 WOMAC total, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC function scores were statistically significant. [Conclusion] PRP is an effective treatment for functional status and pain in moderate knee osteoarthritis and a minimum of two injections is appropriate.

KEYWORDS:

Knee osteoarthritis; Moderate; Platelet-rich plasma effectiveness

5.
Arthroscopy. 2011 Aug 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Platelet-Rich Plasma Intra-Articular Injection Versus Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation as Treatments for Cartilage Pathology: From Early Degeneration to Osteoarthritis

Kon EMandelbaum BBuda RFilardo GDelcogliano MTimoncini AFornasari PMGiannini SMarcacci M.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and viscosupplementation (hyaluronic acid [HA]) intra-articular injections for the treatment of knee cartilage degenerative lesions and osteoarthritis (OA).

METHODS:

The study involved 150 patients affected by cartilage degenerative lesions and early and severe OA. Fifty symptomatic patients were treated with 3 autologous PRP intra-articular injections and were evaluated prospectively at enrollment and at 2- and 6-month follow-up. The results obtained were compared with 2 homogeneous groups of patients treated with HA injections. One group was treated with injections of high-molecular weight HA; the other group was treated with low-molecular weight (LW) HA. International Knee Documentation Committee and EQ VAS scores were used for clinical evaluation; adverse events and patient satisfaction were also recorded.

RESULTS:

At 2 months’ follow-up, the PRP and LW HA groups showed a similar improvement, with higher results compared with the high-molecular weight HA group (P < .005). At 6 months’ follow-up, better results were observed in the PRP group (P < .005). PRP and LW HA treatments offered similar results in patients aged over 50 years and in the treatment of advanced OA. PRP showed a better performance compared with HA in younger patients affected by cartilage lesions or early OA.

CONCLUSIONS:

Autologous PRP injections showed more and longer efficacy than HA injections in reducing pain and symptoms and recovering articular function. Better results were achieved in younger and more active patients with a low degree of cartilage degeneration, whereas a worse outcome was obtained in more degenerated joints and in older patients, in whom results similar to those of viscosupplementation have been observed.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Level II, prospective comparative study.

Copyright © 2011 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 

 

6.

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010 Apr;18(4):472-9. Epub 2009 Oct 17.

Platelet-rich plasma: intra-articular knee injections

produced favorable results on degenerative cartilage lesions.

Kon EBuda RFilardo GDi Martino ATimoncini ACenacchi AFornasari PMGiannini SMarcacci M.

Department of Orthopaedic and Sports Trauma, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. e.kon@biomec.ior.it

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a natural concentrate of autologous blood growth factors experimented in different fields of medicine in order to test its potential to enhance tissue regeneration. The aim of our study is to explore this novel approach to treat degenerative lesions of articular cartilage of the knee. One hundred consecutive patients, affected by chronic degenerative condition of the knee, were treated with PRP intra-articular injections (115 knees treated). The procedure consisted of 150-ml of venous blood collected and twice centrifugated: 3 PRP units of 5 ml each were used for the injections. Patients were clinically prospectively evaluated before and at the end of the treatment, and at 6 and 12 months follow-up. IKDC, objective and subjective, and EQ VAS were used for clinical evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of sex, age, grade of OA and BMI. A statistically significant improvement of all clinical scores was obtained from the basal evaluation to the end of the therapy and at 6-12 months follow-up (P < 0.0005). The results remained stable from the end of the therapy to 6 months follow up, whereas they became significantly worse at 12 months follow up (P = 0.02), even if still significantly higher respect to the basal level (P < 0.0005). The preliminary results indicate that the treatment with PRP injections is safe and has the potential to reduce pain and improve knee function and quality of live in younger patients with low degree of articular degeneration.

7.

Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 Mar-Apr;27(2):201-7

Intraarticular administration of platelet-rich plasma with biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres prevents osteoarthritis progression in the rabbit knee

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the therapeutic potential of administration of gelatin hydrogel microspheres containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP), by examining its effects on progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in a rabbit model.

METHODS:

PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from rabbit blood. Adult rabbit chondrocytes were cultured in the alginate beads with the presence of 3% PRP or 3% PPP. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis was quantified using dimethylmethylene blue assay. To confirm the anabolic effect of PRP in vivo, cartilage matrix gene expression was examined after intraarticular administration of PRP contained in gelatin hydrogel microspheres. The PRP contained in gelatin hydrogel microspheres was administered into the rabbit knee joint twice with an interval of 3 weeks, beginning 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Ten weeks after ACLT, gross morphological and histological examinations were performed.

RESULTS:

PRP significantly stimulated chondrocyte GAG synthesis in vitro. In the knee joint, expression of proteoglycan core protein mRNA in the articular cartilage increased after administration of PRP contained in microspheres. Intraarticular injections of PRP in gelatin hydrogel microspheres significantly suppressed progression of OA in the ACLT rabbit model morphologically and histologically.

CONCLUSION:

The present findings indicate that sustained release of growth factors contained in PRP has preventive effects against OA progression. These preventive effects appear to be due to stimulation of cartilage matrix metabolism, caused by the growth factors contained in PRP.

8.

J Orthop Res. 2011 Sep;29(9):1320-6. doi: 10.1002/jor.21384. Epub 2011 Mar 15

Autologous protein solution inhibits MMP-13 production by IL-1? and TNF?-stimulated human articular chondrocytes.

Abstract

Catabolic inflammatory cytokines are prevalent in osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate an autologous protein solution (APS) as a potential chondroprotective agent for OA therapy. APS was prepared from platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The APS solution contained both anabolic (bFGF, TGF-?1, TGF-?2, EGF, IGF-1, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, and VEGF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1ra, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IFN?) cytokines but low concentrations of catabolic cytokines (IL-1?, IL-1?, TNF?, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-18). Human articular chondrocytes were pre-incubated with the antagonists IL-1ra, sTNF-RI, or APS prior to the addition of recombinant human IL-1? or TNF?. Following exposure to inflammatory cytokines, the levels of MMP-13 in the culture medium were evaluated by ELISA. MMP-13 production stimulated in chondrocytes by IL-1? or TNF? was reduced by rhIL-1ra and sTNF-RI to near basal levels. APS was also capable of inhibiting the production of MMP-13 induced by both IL-1? and TNF?. The combination of anabolic and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the APS created from PRP may render this formulation to be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation in patients at early stages of OA.

Copyright © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society.

9.

Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 May;91(5):411-7

Treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis with autologous platelet-rich plasma in comparison with hyaluronic acid.

Spaková TRosocha JLacko MHarvanová DGharaibeh A.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to find a simple, cost-effective, and time-efficient method for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), so the acquired benefits will be readily available for multiple procedures in smaller outpatient clinics and to explore the safety and efficacy of the application of PRP in the treatment of degenerative lesions of articular cartilage of the knee.

DESIGN:

The study was designed as a prospective, cohort study with a control group. A total of 120 patients with Grade 1, 2, or 3 osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren and Lawrence grading scale were enrolled in the study. One group of patients was treated using three intra-articular applications of PRP, and the second group of patients was given three injections of hyaluronic acid. Outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the 11-point pain intensity Numeric Rating Scale.

RESULTS:

On average, a 4.5-fold increase in platelet concentration was obtained in the PRP group. No severe adverse events were observed. Statistically significantly better results in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Numeric Rating Scale scores were recorded in a group of patients who received PRP injections after a 3- and 6-mo follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our preliminary findings support the application of autologous PRP as an effective and safe method in the treatment of the initial stages of knee osteoarthritis. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to investigate the persistence of the beneficial effects observed.

 

10.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Focused Shock Waves in the Treatment of Jumper’s Knee in Athletes

  1. Mario Vetrano, MD*,,
  2. Anna Castorina, MD,
  3. Maria Chiara Vulpiani, MD,
  4. Rossella Baldini, PhD,
  5. Antonio Pavan, MD§ and
  6. Andrea Ferretti, MD?

+Author Affiliations


  1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

  2. Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

  3. §Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

  4. ?Orthopaedic Unit and Kirk Kilgour Sports Injury Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

  5. Investigation performed at the Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  1. ?*Mario Vetrano, MD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, Rome, Italy 00189 (email:mariovetrano@gmail.com).

Abstract

Background: Tendinopathies represent a serious challenge for orthopaedic surgeons involved in treatment of athletes.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in athletes with jumper’s knee.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods: Forty-six consecutive athletes with jumper’s knee were selected for this study and randomized into 2 treatment groups: 2 autologous PRP injections over 2 weeks under ultrasound guidance (PRP group; n = 23), and 3 sessions of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (2.400 impulses at 0.17-0.25 mJ/mm2 per session) (ESWT group; n = 23). The outcome measures were Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire, pain visual analog scale (VAS), and modified Blazina scale. A reviewer who was blinded as to the group allocation of participants performed outcome assessments before treatment and at 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Nonparametric tests were used for within-group (Friedman/Wilcoxon test) and between-group (Kruskal-Wallis/Fisher test) testing, and the significance level was set at .05.

Results: The 2 groups were homogeneous in terms of age, sex, level of sports participation, and pretreatment clinical status. Patients in both groups showed statistically significant improvement of symptoms at all follow-up assessments. The VISA-P, VAS, and modified Blazina scale scores showed no significant differences between groups at 2-month follow-up (P = .635, .360, and .339, respectively). The PRP group showed significantly better improvement than the ESWT group in VISA-P, VAS scores at 6- and 12-month follow-up, and modified Blazina scale score at 12-month follow-up (P < .05 for all).

Conclusion: Therapeutic injections of PRP lead to better midterm clinical results compared with focused ESWT in the treatment of jumper’s knee in athletes.

11.

Effectivenness of PRP on Pain, Function and Quality of Life in Chondromalacia and Patellofemoral

Pain Syndrome: A Pretest-Postest Analysis

Olga Susana Pérez Moro1, María Jesús Albaladejo Florín1, Beatriz Entrambasaguas Estepa2 and Marcos Edgar Fernández Cuadros1,3

Tel:

page1image6168

1Rehabilitation Department, Santa Cristina ?s University Hospital, Spain 2Rehabilitation Department, La Princesa University Hospital, Spain
3Rehabilitation Department, Santísima Trinidad General Foundation ?s Hospital, Spain Submission: April 28, 2017; Published: May 30, 2017

*Corresponding author: Marcos E Fernández-Cuadro

Abstract

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) and Chondromalacia.

b. To apply PRP as a conservative treatment option with a demonstrable level of scientific evidence (2b).

Material and Methods: Prospective quasi-experimental before-after study (non-randomized control-trial) on 24 patients with PFPS and Chondromalacia grade 2 or more, who attended to Santa Cristina’s University Hospital, from January 2014 to March 2017. The PRP- protocol consisted of 3-sessions (1 session/week) of an intra articular infiltration of 3ml of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). To get the PRP, Accelerate Concentration System Device® from EXACTECH, EmCyte Anticoagulant Sodium Citrate Solution U.S.P. and Drucker Centrifuge (Series Performance) were used. Pain and Quality of Life were measured by Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Index for Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) at the beginning / end of treatment.

Results: Average age was 40.3±9.5 years. Women 37.5% (n=9), men 62.5% (n=15). The most frequent Chondromalacia grade was 2nd degree (n=11, 45.8%), followed by 3rd (n=9, 37.5%) and 4th (n=4, 16.6%). Post-puncture erythema and inflammation 4.1% (n=1).

Pain measured by VAS significantly decreased (p<0.0001) from 7.87 to 3.04 points. The WOMAC-pain, WOMAC-stiffness and WOMAC- function subscales decreased significantly (p<0.0001) from 15.12 to 5.95 points, 1.95 to 0.5 and 39.75 to 16.37, respectively.

Conclusion: PRP is safe and improves significantly pain relief, stiffness and function in patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Chondromalacia.

The study shows a good level of evidence and grade of recommendation that allows us to consider PRP as a conservative therapeutic option in the treatment of PFPS and chondromalacia.

Keywords: Patellofemoral pain syndrome; Chondromalacia; Pain; PRP therapy; Quality of life
Abbreviations: PFPS: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome; W Pain, WOMAC pain. W R

12

Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2015 Jul-Sep; 5(3): 162–166.

Published online 2015 Oct 20. doi:  10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.162

PMCID: PMC4617215

Percutaneous injections of Platelet rich plasma for treatment of intrasubstance meniscal lesions

Fabian Blanke,1 Patrick Vavken,2 Maximilian Haenle,1 Lutz von Wehren,2 Geert Pagenstert,2 and Martin Majewski2

Author information ? Copyright and License information ?

Introduction

management of intrasubstance meniscal lesions is still controversial. Intrasubstance meniscal lesions can lead to reduced sports activity and meniscal rupture. Physical therapy is often not satisfactory. Therefore new treatment methods are requested. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has the ability to regenerate tissue; this was proved in several experimental studies. Whether percutaneous injections of PRP are effective in intrasubstance meniscal lesions is unknown. We hypothesize that percutaneous PRP injections lead to pain relief and halt of progression on MRI over 6 months in patients with grade 2 meniscal lesions.

Materials and methods

ten recreational athletes with intrasubstance meniscal lesions (grade II according to Reicher) proven by MR-Imaging (MRI) were treated by percutaneous injections of PRP in the affected meniscal area. Three sequential injections in seven day intervals were performed in every patient. All injections were performed with image converter. Follow-up MRI was done six months after last injection in every patient. Level of sports activity and amount of pain at athletic loads according to numeric rating scale (NRS-11) were noted in each patient before injections and at the time of follow up MRI after six months. The t-test was used to determine statistical differences.

Results

four of ten patients (40%) showed decrease of meniscal lesion in follow up MRI after six months. Nine of ten patients (90%) complained about short episodes of heavy pain after the injections with average NRS-Score of 7.9 at daily loads after the last injection. Six of ten patients (60%) showed Improvement of NRS-Score at final follow up. Average NRS-Score improved significantly (p=0.027) from 6.9 before injections to 4.5 six month after treatment. Six of ten patients (60%) reported increase of sports activity compared to the situation before injections. In four patients (40%) additional surgical treatment was necessary because of persistent knee pain or progression of meniscal lesion.

Conclusions

percutaneous injections of PRP have the ability to achieve pain relief and halt of progression on MRI over 6 months in patients with grade 2 meniscal lesions. Therefore it could be considered as a treatment option in patients with persisting pain.

Level of evidence

IV.

12

Acta Cir Bras. 2017;32(10):827-835 

Biomechanical study of the effect of platelet rich plasma on the treatment of medial collateral ligament lesion in rabbits

Eduardo Louzada da CostaI, Luiz Eduardo Moreira TeixeiraII, Bruno Janno PáduaIII, Ivana Duval de AraújoIV, Leonardo de Souza VasconcellosV, Luide Scalioni Borges DiasVI

IMSc, Department of Orthopedics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Concep on and design of the study; acquisi on, analysis and interpreta on of data; manuscript wri ng; cri cal revision.
IIPhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Locomo ve Apparatus, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Concep on and design of the study; acquisi on, analysis and interpreta on of data; manuscript wri ng; cri cal revision.

IIIMD, Department of Orthopedics, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Acquisi on, analysis and interpreta on of data. IVPhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Concep on and design of the study; acquisi on, analysis and interpreta on of data; manuscript wri ng; cri cal revision.
VPhD, Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Department, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Acquisi on, analysis and interpreta on of data; manuscript wri ng; cri cal revision.

VIGraduate student, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Acquisi on, analysis and interpreta on of data.

Abstract 

Purpose: To evaluate the use of platelet-rich plasma in the early stages of healing of trauma c injury of the medial collateral ligament in the knee of rabbits.
Methods: Thirty rabbits were subjected to surgical lesion of the medial collateral ligament. Of these, 16 were treated with platelet-rich plasma and 14 with saline (control). A er 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, 50% of the animals from each group were sacri ced, and biomechanical tests were performed on the injured ligament to compare the tensile strength between the two groups.

Results: Platelet-rich plasma signi cantly increased the tensile strength of the ligament in the groups treated a er3 and 6 weeks. In the group treated with platelet-rich plasma vs. saline, the tensile strength values were 3192.5 ± 189.7 g/f vs. 2851.1 ± 193.1 g/f at3 weeks (p = 0.005) and 5915.6 ± 832.0 g/f vs. 4187.6 ± 512.9 g/f at 6 weeks (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion: The use of platelet-rich plasma at the injury site accelerated ligament healing in an animal model, demonstrated by an increase in the tensile strength of the medial collateral ligament.
Key words: Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee. Knee Injuries. Rabbits.

13

 

Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Nov 29. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000874. [Epub ahead of print]

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on pain and muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Wu YT1,2, Hsu KC1, Li TY1,2, Chang CK3, Chen LC1.

Author information

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

No studies comparing the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection and placebo injection in bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the same patient, or discussing muscle strength after PRP injection, have been published.

DESIGN:

Twenty patients with bilateral knee OA were eligible, and 40 knees were randomized into two groups: PRP (knees [right or left by a coin toss] receiving a single intra-articular PRP injection) and saline group (the contralateral knee of the same patient, into which single 4-mL intra-articular injection of normal saline was administered). The primary outcome measure was Western Ontario and McMaster’s Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the secondary included isokinetic test results. The evaluation was at baseline and at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months post-injection.

RESULTS:

The PRP group showed a significant reduction in the WOMAC-pain and -total scores compared to normal saline group (p < 0.05). Although a significantly greater percentage of knee strength (extensor > flexor) was found in the PRP group during a longer follow-up period, PRP treatment resulted in insignificant differences in muscle strength compared to normal saline.

CONCLUSIONS:

PRP treatment significantly improves pain, stiffness, and disability in patients with knee OA compared to normal saline treatment. Additional strength training is recommended to enhance muscle strength recovery.

PMID: 29210705 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000874

14

 

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2019 May-Aug;27(2):2309499019852779. doi: 10.1177/2309499019852779.

Radiological and functional outcomes of ultrasound-guided PRP injections in intrasubstance meniscal degenerations.

Author information

Abstract

AIM:

This retrospective study is aimed to analyze the effect of ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections on grade 2 intrasubstance meniscal degenerations (IMDs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Fifteen patients who underwent PRP injections for symptomatic grade 2 meniscal lesions were included in the study. All injections were performed with ultrasound in the degenerated menisci. Patients were evaluated with Lysholm score and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before the injection and after a mean of 32-month follow-up. T2-weighted MRI images were evaluated on sagittal by two authors as double-blind.

RESULTS:

Lysholm score was found to be statistically significantly increased, and in 67% of the patients, grade 2 degenerations were improved to grade 1.

CONCLUSION:

Intra-meniscal PRP injection under ultrasonography guidance provides good functional scores and radiological improvement in the patients with IMD.

KEYWORDS:

grade 2 meniscal degeneration; intrasubstance meniscal degeneration; platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

PRP and Elbow

1.

Am J Sports Med. 2011 Jun;39(6):1200-8. Epub 2011 Mar 21.

Ongoing positive effect of platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection in lateral epicondylitis: a double-

blind randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be a general stimulation for repair and 1-year results showed promising success percentages.

PURPOSE:

This trial was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of PRP compared with corticosteroid injections in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis with a 2-year follow-up.

STUDY DESIGN:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

METHODS:

The trial was conducted in 2 Dutch teaching hospitals. One hundred patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis were randomly assigned to a leukocyte-enriched PRP group (n = 51) or the corticosteroid group (n = 49). Randomization and allocation to the trial group were carried out by a central computer system. Patients received either a corticosteroid injection or an autologous platelet concentrate injection through a peppering needling technique. The primary analysis included visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome scores.

RESULTS:

The PRP group was more often successfully treated than the corticosteroid group (P < .0001). Success was defined as a reduction of 25% on VAS or DASH scores without a reintervention after 2 years. When baseline VAS and DASH scores were compared with the scores at 2-year follow-up, both groups significantly improved across time (intention-to-treat principle). However, the DASH scores of the corticosteroid group returned to baseline levels, while those of the PRP group significantly improved (as-treated principle). There were no complications related to the use of PRP.

CONCLUSION:

Treatment of patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis with PRP reduces pain and increases function significantly, exceeding the effect of corticosteroid injection even after a follow-up of 2 years. Future decisions for application of PRP for lateral epicondylitis should be confirmed by further follow-up from this trial and should take into account possible costs and harms as well as benefits.

 

2. 

J Orthop. 2015 Nov 18;12(Suppl 2):S166-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2015.10.018. eCollection 2015.

The effect of platelet-rich plasma injection on lateral epicondylitis following failed conservative management.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

We assessed the effect PRP injection on pain and function in patients with lateral epicondylitis where conservative management had failed.

METHODS:

We prospectively reviewed 34 patients. The mean follow-up was 26 weeks (range 6-114 weeks). We used the Oxford Elbow Score (OES) and progression to surgery to assess outcomes.

RESULTS:

88.2% improved their OES. 8.8% reported symptom progression. One patient had no change. No patients suffered adverse reactions. Two patients underwent an open release procedure. One had the injection repeated.

CONCLUSION:

An injection of PRP improves pain and function in patients suffering from LE where conservative management has failed.

KEYWORDS:

ASES, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; AWB, autologous whole blood; DASH, disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand; ECRB, Extensor Carpe Radialis Brevis; LE, lateral epicondylitis; Lateral epicondylitis; Lateral tendinosis; MCID, minimal clinically important difference; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatorys; OES, Oxford Elbow Score; PRP, platelet-rich plasma; Platelet-rich plasma; Tennis elbow; VAS, visual-analogue score

 

3.

Rev Bras Ortop. 2016 Jan 13;51(1):90-5. doi: 10.1016/j.rboe.2015.03.014.

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: prospective randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infiltration in patients with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, through analysis of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaires.

METHODS:

Sixty patients with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow were prospectively randomized and evaluated after receiving infiltration of three milliliters of PRP, or 0.5% neocaine, or dexamethasone. For the scoring process, the patients were asked to fill out the DASH and PRTEE questionnaires on three occasions: on the day of infiltration and 90 and 180 days afterwards.

RESULTS:

Around 81.7% of the patients who underwent the treatment presented some improvement of the symptoms. The statistical tests showed that there was evidence that the cure rate was unrelated to the substance applied (p = 0.62). There was also intersection between the confidence intervals of each group, thus demonstrating that the proportions of patients whose symptoms improved were similar in all the groups.

CONCLUSION:

At a significance level of 5%, there was no evidence that one treatment was more effective than another, when assessed using the DASH and PRTEE questionnaires.

 

4.

J Orthop. 2016 Jan 22;13(1):10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2015.12.005. eCollection 2016.

Platelet-rich plasma versus open surgical release in chronic tennis elbow: A retrospective comparative study.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To compare short and mid-term results in the treatment of chronic elbow tendinosis with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or Nirschl surgical technique.

METHOD:

A retrospective study was conducted on patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis, treated by Nirschl surgical technique (50 elbows) or PRP (60 elbows). Outcome was evaluated with Visual Analog Score (VAS), Mayo Elbow Scores and grip strength measurements.

RESULTS:

VAS and Mayo Elbow Scores of the PRP group had improved as a mean of 83% (p = 0.0001), 74% (p = 0.0001) over baseline and 34.2 pounds gain of grip strength.

CONCLUSION:

The PRP seems to be better for pain relief and functionality in the short and mid-term periods.

KEYWORDS:

Chronic elbow tendinosis; Nirschl surgical technique; Platelet rich plasma (PRP)

 

5.

J Pak Med Assoc. 2015 Nov;65(11 Suppl 3):S100-4.

Effectiveness of platelets rich plasma versus corticosteroids in lateral epicondylitis.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the treatment modalities of lateral epicondylitis in terms of pain relief.

METHODS:

The randomised controlled study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April 2013 to March 2014, and comprised cases of lateral epicondylitis. The patients were selected through consecutive sampling from the outpatient department and were randomly allocated to two equal groups; group A receiving corticosteroid injections, and group B receiving injection of platelet-rich plasma. The patients were followed up for three weeks to determine the effectiveness of intervention.

RESULTS:

The 102 patients in the study were divided into two groups of 51(50%) each. The over mean age was 33.9±10.3 years. Mean age of patients in the corticosteroid group was 34.2±10.2 years and in the other group it was 33.6±10.5 years. Mean baseline visual analogue score in group A were 6.5±1.2 and in group B it was 6.7±1.4. In group A, 74.5% of patients presented in moderate pain category and 25.5% presented in severe pain category. In group B, 70.6% presented in moderate with 29.4% presented in severe pain category. On follow-up, the mean pain score in group A was 4.0±2.6 and in group B it was 3.5±2.61. Group A showed effectiveness in 52.9% patients and group B showed effectiveness in 82.3% (p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

PRP is an effective alternate to corticosteroid in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow).

KEYWORDS:

Lateral epicondylitis, Tennis elbow, Steroid, Platelet-rich plasma, Visual analogue scale.

 

6. 

J Sport Rehabil. 2016 Feb;25(1):77-82. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2014-0198.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Compared With Other Common Injection Therapies in the Treatment of Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis.

Abstract

CLINICAL SCENARIO:

Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a relatively common pathology capable of producing chronic debilitation in a variety of patients. A newer treatment for orthopedic conditions is platelet-rich plasma (PrP) local injection. Focused Clinical Question: Is PrP a more appropriate injection therapy for LE than other common injections such as corticosteroid or whole blood? Summary of Key Findings: Four studies were included: 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT), 2 double-blind RCTs, and 1 cohort study. Two studies involved comparisons of PrP injection to corticosteroid injection. One of the studies involved a 2-y follow-up while another involved a 1-y follow-up. Another study involved the comparison of PrP injection with whole-blood injection with a 6-mo follow-up. The final study included a PrP-injection group and control group. The 2 studies involving PrP vs corticosteroid injections with 2-y and 1-y follow-ups both favored PrP over corticosteroid injection in terms of pain reduction and function increases. The third study favored PrP injections over whole-blood injections at 6 mo regarding pain reduction. All studies demonstrated significant improvements with PrP over comparison injections or no injection. Clinical Bottom Line: PrP injections provide more favorable pain and function outcomes than whole blood and corticosteroid injections for 1-2 y after injection.

STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION:

Consistent findings from RCTs suggest level 1b evidence in support of PrP injection as a treatment for LE.

 

7.

J Hand Microsurg. 2015 Dec;7(2):320-5. doi: 10.1007/s12593-015-0193-3. Epub 2015 Jul 8.

Platelet-Rich-Plasma Injections in Treating Lateral Epicondylosis: a Review of the Recent Evidence.

Abstract

Lateral epicondylosis is common, with various treatment modalities. Platelet-rich-plasma injections from autologous blood have recently been used in centres worldwide for the treatment of tennis elbow. We review and present the recent published evidence on the effectiveness of PRP injections for lateral epicondylosis. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria including 6 RCT’s for the purpose of analysis. PRP injections have an important and effective role in the treatment of this debilitating pathology, in cases where physiotherapy has been unsuccessful.

KEYWORDS:

Lateral epicondylitis; Lateral epicondylosis; PRP; Platelet—Rich—Plasma; Tennis elbow

 

8.

 

J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jul;9(7):RC05-7. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14087.6213. Epub 2015 Jul 1.

Comparison of Local Injection of Platelet Rich Plasma and Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis of Humerus.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Lateral epicondylitis or Tennis Elbow is one of the most common causes of upper extremity pain with various treatment options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) offers a new option for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. This study was conducted with an aim to compare the efficacy of PRP versus methyl-prednisolone local injection in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Sixty five patients with lateral epicondylitis were included in the study and randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with single injection of 1ml PRP with absolute platelet count of at least 1 million platelets/ mm(3). Group B was treated with single injection of 1ml (40mg) methyl-prednisolone. Pain, grip strength and functional improvements were assessed using visual analogue scale, dynamometer and quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale respectively at baseline, 15 days, 1 month and 3 months.

RESULTS:

Sixty patients completed the follow up. All assessment parameters improved significantly in both the Groups at each follow up compared to baseline. At the end of three months group A showed significantly better improvement as compared to Group B.

CONCLUSION:

PRP and methyl-prenisolone both are effective in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. However, PRP is a superior treatment option for longer duration efficacy.

KEYWORDS:

Methyl-prednisolone; Musculoskeletal pain; Tennis elbow

 

9.

Arthroscopy. 2017 Apr 19. pii: S0749-8063(17)30176-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.02.009. [Epub ahead of print]

Arthroscopic Debridement Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection: A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Study of Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis With a Nearly 2-Year Follow-Up.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to compare the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and arthroscopic lateral release in treating chronic lateral epicondylitis (LE).

METHODS:

Patients who had a clinical diagnosis of LE confirmed by ultrasound (US) were included in this study. A total of 101 patients received arthroscopic release (n = 50) or US-guided PRP injections (n = 51). Outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale for pain, the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE), and a calibrated hand dynamometer for grip strength.

RESULTS:

Both patient groups experienced significant improvement in all measures. Between-group comparisons showed a significantly higher value in the PRP group only for grip strength at week 8 (P = .0073); all other significant differences were in favor of arthroscopy: overall pain (P = .0021), night pain (P = .0013), and PRTEE score (P = .0013) at week 104 and grip strength at weeks 24, 52, and 104 (all P < .0001). Consumption of rescue pain medication was not significantly different between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present findings suggest that (1) PRP injections and arthroscopic extensor carpi radialis brevis release are both effective in the short and medium term; (2) PRP patients experienced a significant worsening of pain at 2 years; (3) arthroscopic release ensured better long-term outcomes in terms of pain relief and grip strength recovery; and (4) both procedures were safe and well accepted by patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative study.

Copyright © 2017 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 

 

PRP and the Shoulder

1.

PLoS One. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0147842. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147842. eCollection 2016.

A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Treating Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Randomized Control Trial with Synchronous Observational Cohort.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

This pilot study aimed to inform future research evaluating the effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) injection for tendinopathy.

DESIGN:

Randomized control trial (RCT) and synchronous observational cohort studies. For the RCT, consecutive consenting patients treated at an academic sports medicine clinic were randomly assigned to either a PRP or placebo control group.

SETTING:

The Glen Sather Sport Medicine Clinic, Edmonton, Canada.

PATIENTS:

The RCT included 9 participants with rotator cuff tendinopathy. The cohort study included 178 participants with a variety of tendinopathies.

INTERVENTIONS:

Patients receiving PRP were injected with 4 ml of platelets into the supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus, while patients in the placebo group were injected with 4ml of saline. All participants undertook a 3-month standardized, home-based, daily exercise program.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Participants in the RCT were re-evaluated 3, and 6 months post-injection. Change scores before and after injection on pain, disability and MRI-documented pathology outcomes were compared. In the cohort study, pain and disability were measured at 1, 2 and 3 months post-injection.

RESULTS:

For the RCT, 7 participants received PRP and 2 received placebo injections. Patients receiving PRP reported clinically important improvements in pain (>1.5/10 on VAS), disability (>15 point DASH change), and tendon pathology while those receiving placebo injections did not. In the observational cohort, statistically and clinically significant improvements in pain and disability were observed.

CONCLUSION:

This pilot study provides information for planning future studies of PRP effectiveness. Preliminary results indicate intratendinous, ultrasound-guided PRP injection may lead to improvements in pain, function, and MRI-documented tendon pathology.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN68341698.

 

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016 Feb;102(1):47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.11.002. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
2.
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2016 Dec;26(8):837-842. Epub 2016 Aug 20.

Subacromial injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid for the treatment of symptomatic partial rotator cuff tears.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common causes of chronic shoulder pain and disability. They significantly affect the quality of life. Reduced pain and improved function are the goals of conventional therapy, which includes relative rest, pain therapy, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections and surgical intervention. Tendons have a relative avascular nature; hence, their regenerative potential is limited. There is some clinical evidence that the application of autologous platelets may help to revascularize the area of injury in rotator cuff pathologies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This prospective randomized controlled study was done to evaluate the results of subacromial injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus corticosteroid injection therapy in 40 patients with symptomatic partial rotator cuff tears. All patients were assessed before injection, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after injection, using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. An MRI was performed before and 6 months after the injection for all the included patients and was graded on 0-5 scale.

RESULTS:

Both injection groups showed statistically significantly better clinical outcomes over time compared with those before injection. There was a statistically significant difference between RPP group and corticosteroid group 12 weeks after injection, regarding VAS, ASES, CMS and SST in favor of the RPP group. MRI showed an overall slight nonsignificant improvement in grades of tendinopathy/tear in both groups, however, without statistically significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSION:

PRP injections showed earlier better results as compared to corticosteroid injections, although statistically significant better results after 6 months could not be found. Therefore, subacromial RPP injection could be considered as a good alternative to corticosteroid injection, especially in patients with a contraindication to corticosteroid administration.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

II.

KEYWORDS:

Corticosteroid; Platelet-rich plasma; Rotator cuff; Shoulder pain; Subacromial impingement syndrome

3.

Adv Biomed Res. 2016 Dec 27;5:200. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.190939. eCollection 2016.

Ultrasound guided platelet-rich plasma injection for the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Degenerative changes and inflammation in the rotator cuff (RC) are the most important causes of shoulder pain. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with chronic RC tendinopathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was an open-label study performed at Kashani Hospital between April 2012 and June 2014. Patients with a <1 cm partial tearing of the bursal side of RC with no or little response to conservative management were included. PRPinjection was done using ultrasonography guide via posterior subacromial approach. Demographic data were obtained in all patient before the study, and shoulder function was evaluated using Constant shoulder score (CSS) before and 3 months after PRP injection.

RESULTS:

A total number of 17 patients were enrolled. The mean of CSS before and after intervention was 37.05 ± 11.03 and 61.76 ± 14.75, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between the pain score before the study and the improvement in CSS (P = 0.45, r = 0.03). Significant relation was observed between the individuals’ age and improvement of CSS (P = 0.02, r = -0.49). There was no significant difference in CSS improvement between genders (P = 0.23).

CONCLUSION:

Single injection of PRP is effective to reduce pain and improve range of motion in patients with bursal side partial tearing of RC who failed to respond to conservative treatments.

KEYWORDS:

Constant shoulder score; platelet-rich plasma; rotator cuff; tendinopathy

4.

Abstracts from the 2nd International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium (Vancouver, 2012)

USE OF PLATELET RICH PLASMA FOR THE TREATMENT OF BICIPITAL TENDINOPATHY IN SPINAL CORD INJURY: A PILOT STUDY

V M Ibrahim1,2?, S L Groah1,2, A Libin1,2, I H Ljungberg1,2, D Aufiero1,2, K Patel1,2, S Sampson.1,2

Author affiliations

 

Abstract

Introduction Shoulder pain remains one of the most common complaints in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Several studies suggest that approximately 30–70% of people with SCI in the USA suffer from a debilitating level of shoulder pain. Often this pain is a consequence of shoulder tendinopathy resulting in impingement syndromes. Current treatment strategies include both non-operative and operative strategies, both of which have significant limitations. Given the importance for shoulder health in paraplegics using manual wheelchairs with increasing life expectancy, alternative treatments for shoulder pathology are needed.

Recently biologic medicine has gained popularity to address non-healing wounds and soft tissue injuries. Preliminary data suggests Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) as a promising alternative treatment option for recalcitrant tendinopathies. Both in-vitro and clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of PRP in the treatment of various tendinopathies, most notably in lateral epicondylitis. PRP contains powerful growth factors that initiate wound healing, including platelet derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epithelial growth factor. PRP has demonstrated accelerated bone graft formation in mandibular surgeries, improved fusion rates in spine surgery, and increased efficacy of knee and ankle surgeries. Emerging studies are now exploring the potential use of PRP in operative rotator cuff repair. Non-operative PRP studies have shown positive results in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis, infra-patellar tendonitis, and knee osteoarthritis.

Methods This novel pilot study was designed to explore the efficacy of PRP injections in the wheelchair population with biceps tendon pathology. Validated study outcomes included the Ultrasound Shoulder Pathology Rating Scale (USPRS), the Physical Examination of the Shoulder Scale (PESS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Spinal cord injury athletes with chronic shoulder pain were recruited for this study. Members of the tetraplegic rugby and the wheelchair basketball teams at the National Rehabilitation Hospital were specifically targeted for recruitment because of the high prevalence (50%) of bicipital tendinopathy in this population. Participants in the study demonstrated AIS scores of A-D for at least 1?year, shoulder pain for at least 6?months and require the use of a manual wheelchair for the preceding year. Each participant enrolled underwent baseline analysis including USPRS, PESS, VAS and functional scores. Participants then underwent a unilateral biceps tendon sheath injection of PRP and were followed every 2?weeks to monitor VAS scores and adverse events. The study was concluded with an 8?week follow up evaluation. The hypothesis was that an ultrasound guided tendon sheath PRP injection would result in a significant change in USPRS, PESS and VAS scores over the course of the 8-week study period.

Results The study analysis includes eight participants who have completed the full course of treatment and analysis. Comparison of baseline and 8?week data using a non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test demonstrated significant change in the non-injected shoulder on USPRS score (Z=2.207, p=0.027) in PESS score (Z=2.120, p=0.034)) and in the VAS-pain score (Z=2.041, p=0.41). Repeated measure General Linear Model analysis revealed statistically significant trends in the change of pain score measured via VAS at five time points (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8?weeks) for injected arm (F=6.68, p=0.061) but not for the untreated arm. No adverse reactions were reported during the study period.

Discussion The initial pilot data from this study demonstrates a significant effect of PRP using relevant and standardised measures compared to the opposite extremity as a control. While the study sample is admittedly small, a non-parametric analysis demonstrates convincing data on the overall positive effect of PRP in the treatment of biceps tendinopathy in the spinal cord injury population. Given the study results, further investigation is warranted including a randomised control trial.

5.     Am J Phys Med Rehabil   2019 Jul;98(7):549-557.

doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001144.

Single Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Cohort Study

Affiliations

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of single intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and corticosteroid (CS) injections in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

Design: Patients aged 18-70 yrs of either sex, diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder, with less than 6-mo duration, were included. In intra-articular corticosteroid (IA-CS, control) group, 30 patients received a single injection (4 ml) of IA-CS and in IA-PRP (test) group, 30 patients received single IA-PRP injection (4 ml) into the glenohumeral joint under ultrasound guidance. All patients were prospectively followed for 12 wks.

Results: Twenty-eight patients in IA-PRP group and 27 in IA-CS group finished the entire 12-wk study period. At 12 wks, decrements in visual analog scale and total shoulder pain and disability index scores, in IA-PRP group, were 58.4 and 55.1, compared with 48.7 and 45.8 in IA-CS group. In range of movement, IA-PRP group showed significant improvement in passive abduction (-50.4 vs. -39.4), internal (-36.8 vs. -25.8), and external rotations (-35.4 vs. -25.9) compared with IA-CS group, respectively. No major complications were observed in any patients.

Conclusions: At 12-wk follow-up, a single dose of IA-PRP injection was found to be more effective than an IA-CS injection, in terms of improving pain, disability, and shoulder range of movement in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

6.

6. Prospective Clinical Research Report

Journal of International Medical Research

48(12) 1–11

Comparison of ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injection and conventional physical therapy for management of adhesive capsulitis: a randomized trial

Aung Chan Thu 1, Sang Gyu Kwak 2, Win Nyi Shein 1 , La Min Htun 3 , Thae Thae Han Htwe 4
and Min Cheol Chang 5
Abstract
Objective: We evaluated the effect of ultrasound (US)-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma
(PRP) into the shoulder joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC) and compared its effect
with that of conventional physiotherapy (CPT).
Methods: Sixty-four subjects with AC were included and randomly allocated into two groups, as
follows: PRP (n¼32; intra-articular [IA] PRP [4 mL] was injected); and CPT (n¼32; short wave
diathermy and exercise therapy were performed at three sessions/week for 6 weeks). Treatment
outcomes evaluated therapeutic effectiveness before and at 1, 3, and 6 weeks after PRP injection
and CPT initiation.
Results: Subjects in both groups showed a significant decrease in the visual analogue scale score
for pain and shoulder and hand scores, and they a significant increase in shoulder passive range of
motion at all evaluation time points. There was no significant difference in the measured out-
comes between the two groups. However, there was less acetaminophen consumption after IA
PRP injection compared with that after CPT.
1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
2 Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine,
Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
3 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
National Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine,
University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
5 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of
Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Corresponding author: Min Cheol Chang, Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
317-1, Daemyungdong, Namku, Taegu 705-717, Republic
of Korea.
Email: wheel633@gmail.com
Journal of International Medical Research
48(12) 1–11
!The Author(s) 2020
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DOI: 10.1177/0300060520976032
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Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits
non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed
as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

PRP and Wrist

Investigating the effect of intra-articular PRP injection on pain and function improvement in patients with distal radius fracture.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Distal radius fractures are common injuries that cause pain and disability. There is a clear need for biomedical engineering research to develop novel strategies to improve functional results following intra-articular distal radius fractures. However, no pharmacotherapeutic agent has been investigated to resolve this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be considered a novel additional therapy to improve the outcomes of this injury.

HYPOTHESIS:

Pain reduction and functional improvement can be noticed after PRP use in distal radius fracture.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A randomized trial study was designed with 30 patients who had intra-articular distal radius fractures (Frykman type 3, 4, 7, 8). Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning under guide of fluoroscopy were done for them. Fifteen cases received intra-articular autologus PRP. Patients were followed for 3 and 6months and “patient-rated wrist evaluation” (PRWE) questionnaire was completed and range of motion of the wrist was measured.

RESULTS:

The mean of pain score and the score of specific and usual activities at 3months follow-up in the case group and in the control group were (8.33 versus 19.67), (10.66 versus 26.8), and (6.2 versus 13.4), respectively. The mean of pain score and score of specific and usual activities at 6months follow-up in the case group and in the control group were (3.6 versus 12), (3 versus 15.7), and (1.2 versus 6.8), respectively. The case group was significantly different from the control group. The mean of loss of flexion and extension of the wrist at 3months follow-up in the case group was significantly different from the control group as well.

CONCLUSION:

PRP may have significant effect on reduction of pain and amount of difficulty in functions, including specific and usual activities after intra-articular distal radius fractures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Level III, Therapeutic trial.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

2.

Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016: 9262909.

Published online 2016 Jul 5. doi:  10.1155/2016/9262909

PMCID: PMC4949344

Leukocyte-Reduced Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment of Basal Thumb Arthritis: A Pilot Study

Markus Loibl, 1 , * Siegmund Lang, 1 Lena-Marie Dendl, 2 Michael Nerlich, 1 Peter Angele, 1 Sebastian Gehmert, 3 and Michaela Huber 1

Author information ? Article notes ? Copyright and License information ?

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract

article-meta

A positive effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection has been discussed for osteoarthritic joint conditions in the last years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PRP injection into the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint. We report about ten patients with TMC joint osteoarthritis (OA) that were treated with 2 intra-articular PRP injections 4 weeks apart. PRP was produced using the Double Syringe System (Arthrex Inc., Naples, Florida, USA). A total volume of 1.47 ± 0.25?mL PRP was injected at the first injection and 1.5 ± 0.41?mL at the second injection, depending on the volume capacity of the joint. Patients were evaluated using VAS, strength measures, and the Mayo Wrist score and DASH score after 3 and 6 months. VAS significantly decreased from 6.2 ± 1.6 to 5.4 ± 2.2 at six-month follow-up (P < 0.05). The DASH score was unaffected; however, the Mayo Wrist score significantly improved from 46.5 ± 18.6 to 67.5 ± 19.0 at six-month follow-up (P = 0.05). Grip was unaffected, whereas pinch declined from 6.02 ± 2.99 to 3.96 ± 1.77 at six-month follow-up (P < 0.05). We did not observe adverse events after the injection of PRP, except one occurrence of a palmar wrist ganglion, which resolved without treatment. PRP injection for symptomatic TMC OA is a reasonable therapeutic option in early stages TMC OA and can be performed with little to no morbidity.

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articular PRP injections 4 weeks apart at the University Medical Center Regensburg (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)). Two patients had received a steroid or hyaluronan injection in the years before PRP treatment, both with short-term pain relief. The condition was diagnosed using standard radiographic and clinical criteria: basal joint tenderness, thumb or wrist pain at rest or with activity, joint stiffness, decreased mobility, deformity, instability, and decreased hand function. No splinting was used after each injection. Rest was recommended for 1-2 days with full range of motion as tolerated. During the course of treatment, all patients did not take corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

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2.

PRP and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

 

Sci Rep. 2017 Dec;7(1):94. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00224-6. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

Six-month efficacy of platelet-rich plasma for carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective randomized, single-blind controlled trial.

Wu YT1,2, Ho TY1, Chou YC3, Ke MJ1, Li TY1,2, Huang GS4, Chen LC5.

Abstract

Recently, a few small reports with short follow-up period have shown clinical benefits of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for peripheral neuropathy including one pilot study and one small, non-randomized trial in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Therefore, we conducted a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial to assess the 6-month effect of PRP in patients with CTS. Sixty patients with unilateral mild-to-moderate CTS were randomized into two groups of 30, namely the PRP and control groups. In the PRP group, patients were injected with one dose of 3?mL of PRP using ultrasound guidance and the control group received a night splint through the study period. The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale (VAS) and secondary outcome measures included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) score, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (MN), electrophysiological findings of the MN, and finger pinch strength. The evaluation was performed before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-injection. The PRPgroup exhibited a significant reduction in the VAS score, BCTQ score, and CSA of MN compared to the those of control group 6 months post-treatment (p?<?0.05). Our study demonstrates that PRP is a safe modality that effectively relieves pain and improves disability in the patients with CTS.

 

Neural Regen Res. 2015 Nov; 10(11): 1856–1859.
PMCID: PMC4705801

Single injection of platelet-rich plasma as a novel treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

Abstract

Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that platelet-rich plasma has therapeutic effects on many neuropathies, but its effects on carpal tunnel syndrome remain poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether single injection of platelet-rich plasma can improve the clinical symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Fourteen patients presenting with median nerve injury who had suffered from mild carpal tunnel syndrome for over 3 months were included in this study. Under ultrasound guidance, 1–2 mL of platelet-rich plasma was injected into the region around the median nerve at the proximal edge of the carpal tunnel. At 1 month after single injection of platelet-rich plasma, Visual Analogue Scale results showed that pain almost disappeared in eight patients and it was obviously alleviated in three patients. Simultaneously, the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire showed that upper limb function was obviously improved. In addition, no ultrasonographic manifestation of the carpal tunnel syndrome was found in five patients during ultrasonographic measurement of the width of the median nerve. During 3-month follow-up, the pain was not greatly alleviated in three patients. These findings show very encouraging mid-term outcomes regarding use of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

 

PRP and Hip

1.

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Jan;51(1):144-50. Epub 2011 Nov 10.

Ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the safety and symptomatic changes of IA injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with OA of the hip.

METHODS:

Forty patients affected by monolateral severe hip OA were included in the study. Each joint received three IA injections of PRP, which were administered once a week. The primary end point was meaningful pain relief, which was described as a reduction in pain intensity of at least 30% from baseline levels as evaluated by the WOMAC subscale at 6-months post-treatment. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris hip score subscale for pain were used to verify the results. Secondary end points included changes in the level of disability of at least 30% and the percentage of positive responders, i.e. the number of patients that achieved a >30% reduction in pain and disability.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant reductions in VAS, WOMAC and Harris hip subscores for pain and function were reported at 7 weeks and 6 months (P?<?0.05). Twenty-three (57.5%) patients reported a clinically relevant reduction of pain (45%, range 30-71%) as assessed by the WOMAC subscale. Sixteen (40%) of these patients were classified as excellent responders who showed an early pain reduction at 6-7 weeks, which was sustained at 6 months, and a parallel reduction of disability. Side effects were negligible and were limited to a sensation of heaviness in the injection site.

CONCLUSIONS:

This preliminary non-controlled prospective study supported the safety, tolerability and efficacy of PRP injections for pain relief and improved function in a limited number of patients with OA of the hip.

PRP and Plantar Fasciitis and Ankle

1.

Acta Ortop Mex. 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):380-5.

Platelet-rich plasma for managing calcaneus tendon tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis

López-Gavito EGómez-Carlín LAParra-Téllez PVázquez-Escamilla J.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendinopathies ad plantar fasciitis has shown good results in up to 90% of cases. However, the remaining 10% of patients with these conditions represent a true challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. New technologies for the development of orthobiologic materials make it possible to use platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an alternative to treat cases that have been refractory to prior treatment and that have a chronicity exceeding 12 months.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Prospective, analytical study. Patients with diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis or both, with a course of more than 12 months, previously treated with non-surgical alternatives, without any clinical improvement. The AOFAS hindfoot scale was used, together with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and photographic documentation at 2, 4, 8 and 12 months after infiltration. A treatment program that included immobilization, NSAIDs, eccentric exercises for the Achilles-calcaneal-plantar system and strengthening of the sural triceps was established. The statistical analysis included measurements of the central trend and scatter with the SPSS 15.

RESULTS:

A sample consisting of 10 patients (12 feet) that met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria was obtained. Mean age at the time of presentation was 43 years (range 23-56), with females being predominant (70%) and 50% laterality for the right and left feet. The initial AOFAS score was 39 (range 28-68) and the VAS score was 9 (range 7-10). By week 16 the AOFAS score had increased to 97 (range 88-99) and the VAS score was 2 (range 1-4). All patients resumed independent gait.

CONCLUSION:

The use of PRP in patients with Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis is an effective and safe alternative for the management of patients with a poor response to conventional non-surgical treatment. Other non-surgical modalities are recommended besides PRP for the treatment of these patients to achieve appropriate results.

 

Autologous Mesenchymal fat derived Cell therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis 

Cytotherapy. 2018 Oct 11. pii: S1465-3249(18)30605-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.08.005. [Epub ahead of print]

Intra-articular implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 clinical trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The intra-articular implantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is an emerging new therapy. In this study, patients with knee OA received intra-articular implantations of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of this implantation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a phase 1/2 single-center, triple-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a placebo control. The subjects consisted of patients with knee OA randomly assigned to either an intra-articular implantation of MSCs (40?×?106 cells) or 5mL normal saline (placebo). Patients were followed up for 6 months after the implantations. The pain level and function improvements for patient-reported outcomes were assessed based on a visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and its subscales, walking distance, painless walking distance, standing time and knee flexion compared with the placebo group at 3 and 6 months following the implantations.

RESULTS:

Overall, 43 patients (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2, 3 and 4) were assigned to either the MSCs (n?=?19) or placebo (n?=?24) group. Patients who received MSCs experienced significantly greater improvements in WOMAC total score, WOMAC pain and physical function subscales and painless walking distance compared with patients who received placebo. There were no major adverse events attributed to the MSC therapy.

CONCLUSION:

This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled RCT demonstrated the safety and efficacy of a single intra-articular implantation of 40?×?106 autologous MSCs in patients with knee OA. Intra-articular implantation of MSCs provided significant and clinically relevant pain relief over 6 months versus placebo and could be considered a promising novel treatment for knee OA. We propose that further investigations should be conducted over an extended assessment period and with a larger cohort.

Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

KEYWORDS:

bone marrow; clinical trial; intra-articular; knee osteoarthritis; mesenchymal stromal cells